| Commissioning by primary care groups or trusts is an internal market-like idea that could be seen as generalisation of general practitioner fundholding. |
| We are unable to explain the association between fundholding and higher teenage pregnancy rates. |
| In April 1991 prescribing budgets were introduced into English general practice as part of the fundholding and indicative prescribing schemes. |
| This is especially so because previous reforms of primary care, such as fundholding, were driven by ideologies of competition rather than evidence. |
| A degree of fundholding already occurs in principle in some medical schools. |
| He does not think fundholding was an ideal system but points out that it did give GPs some control over the health delivered in their local area. |
